Localized surface plasmon resonance: nanostructures, bioassays and biosensing--a review

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is an optical phenomena generated by light when it interacts with conductive nanoparticles (NPs) that are smaller than the incident wavelength. As in surface plasmon resonance, the electric field of incident light can be deposited to collectively excite electrons of a conduction band, with the result being coherent localized plasmon oscillations with a resonant frequency that strongly depends on the composition, size, geometry, dielectric environment and separation distance of NPs. This review serves to describe the physical theory of LSPR formation at the surface of nanostructures, and the potential for this optical technology to serve as a basis for the development bioassays and biosensing of high sensitivity. The benefits and challenges associated with various experimental designs of nanoparticles and detection systems, as well as creative approaches that have been developed to improve sensitivity and limits of detection are highlighted using examples from the literature.     

波长调制吸收光谱技术的燃气轮机燃烧室温度组分二维分布测量方法

可调半导体激光光谱技术（TDLAS）可实现温度、组分浓度等多参数同时测量,具有体积小、响应速度快、环境适应性高等优点,逐渐成为燃烧流场诊断的主要手段之一。TDLAS光谱测量常采用直接吸收技术和波长调制技术,其中强度归一化的波长调制技术,适合存在振动、湍流等致光束偏转效应和强辐射本底等恶劣应用环境条件的燃气轮机流场参数测量。基于TDLAS技术,开展了1f归一化波长调制技术燃气轮机燃烧室温度、组分浓度参数测量方法研究和实验室验证工作,并在某燃气轮机单喷嘴台架进行了冷态、热态试验验证,实现了燃气轮机燃烧室沿气流方向温度及H₂O、CH₄浓度二维分布测量。采用1f归一化波长调制技术抑制台架振动、热辐射背景噪声,采用1 392,1 469和1 343 nm蝶形封装的DFB激光器,三支激光器的出光方式为时分复用,选取H₂O的7 185.6,6 807.83和7 444.3 cm-1处的吸收线,两两组合使用,测量热态下一定范围内的温度和H₂O浓度;采用1 654 nm蝶形封装的DFB激光器,选取CH₄的6 046.96 cm-1处的吸收线进行冷态CH₄浓度测量。实验室对测量系统可靠性进行验证,配置4%~6%范围内的CH₄气体进行测量并与实际值对比,浓度测量最大相对偏差为3.72%;在高温炉中设定900~1 500 K范围内的温度台阶,充入纯水汽,计算不同设定温度和压力下的温度和浓度测量值,温度测量最大相对偏差3.07%,浓度测量最大相对偏差为-2.00%,验证了该测量系统的可靠性。台架燃气轮机实验中,集成了一套小型化测量仪器,设计多束激光收发一体的测量结构。实验采用两个电动位移台,搭载测量结构,每间隔5 mm逐点移动采样,对燃气轮机燃烧室300 mm×60 mm的燃烧区域进行测量,获取了若干工况下冷热态结果。通过双三次插值的方法绘制分辨率为0.5 mm的二维流场分布图,结果分别反映了测量区域范围内CH₄和火焰分布的真实状态。为燃气轮机喷嘴燃料、空气掺混情况和燃烧特性研究提供了新的研究方法和技术手段。     

Transmitting spectra-temperature characteristic of single-mode fiber coupler for fiber gyro application

The relationship between the transmitting spectra characteristic of a fused single mode fiber coupler (SMFC) and the performance of interferometric fiber-optic gyroscope (IFOG) is analyzed in theory firstly. Then the transmitting spectra-temperature characteristic of SMFC is experimented, and the influence of the spectrum-stability of the SMFC on IFOG is simulated and experimented. Through the theory analysis and experiment research, it is confirmed that the spectrum output from the SMFC's throughput port is more stable than that output from the coupled port, and the bias instability of the rotation errors induced by the variation of spectrum output from the SMFC's coupled port is 10 times of that output from the throughput port. Therefore, to choose the SMFC's throughput port as the input port for navigation-grade gyroscope is an effective method to improve the IFOG's performance.     

Research on FBG sensor signal wavelength demodulation based on improved wavelet transform

A new Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) wavelength demodulation scheme is studied in the paper, which consists of an improved de-noising method and Gaussian fitting peak searching algorithm. The improved translational invariant wavelet without threshold adjust factor is proposed to get a better de-noising performance for FBG sensor signal and overcome the drawbacks of soft or hard threshold wavelets. In order to get a high wavelength demodulation precision of FBG sensor signal, this de-noising method is designed to combine with Gaussian fitting peak searching algorithm. The simulation results show that the wavelength maximum measurement error is lower than 1 pm, and can get a much higher accuracy.     

Measuring the wavelength of light wave with four-sides prism spectrograph

The angular dispersion of four-sides prism is presented. A more accurate amended expression of measuring the wavelength of light wave with the spacing between two spectral lines is presented. The spacing between two spectral lines is measured with measuring microscope, the wavelength of light wave is calculated with the amended expression, the experimental values of wavelengths agree well with the reference value.     

Electrical Wavelength Switching of Ultrashort Pulses in a Mode-Locked Er-Doped Fiber Ring Laser with Fiber Gratings

Electrical wavelength switching of picosecond pulses was demonstrated in an actively mode-locked Er-doped fiber ring laser with fiber gratings by changing the electrical driving frequency of the modulator. Laser pulses switchable between two wavelengths spaced from 0.5 to 18 nm apart were achieved. The switching speed between the two wavelengths was of the order of several hundred kilohertz.     

Arrayed waveguide grating multiplexer with high thermal stability on silicon

In this paper, certain important parameters are optimized for a polymer/Si arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer by using grating theory. A 32-channel multiplexer is designed and fabricated using newly synthesized fluorinated poly (ether ether ketone) with a high thermal stability. The measured wavelength channel spacing is 0.796 nm, and center wavelength and 3-dB bandwidth are 1548 nm and 0.3 nm, respectively.     

Wavelengths of Five Ni-Like Laser Lines

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Four-channel coarse WDM for inter- and intra-satellite optical communications

A polymer volume grating-based four-channel coarse wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) for inter- and intra-satellite optical communication application is reported for the first time. This compact four-channel WDM device working at 0.83, 1.06, 1.34 and 1.55 μm is designed to build a complete optical link between two satellites, where wavelengths of 0.83 and 1.55 μm are used for data stream channels, 1.06 and 1.34 μm are used for inter- and intra-satellite connection. It is for the first time reported that a WDM device can cover such a large wavelength range in a single substrate. For transverse electric (TE) wave, the channel efficiencies at 0.83, 1.06, 1.34 and 1.55 μm are 55%, 40%, 35% and 45%, respectively. Channel efficiencies for transverse magnetic (TM) waves are 20% lower than those of TE waves on average. Wavelength shifts due to Doppler effect, temperature variations and radiation effects in space can be adequately accommodated.     

40≤Z≤44类镍离子3d94s,3d94p,3d94d组态s-p,p-d跃迁的计算

用多组态自洽场方法,结合我们提出的半经验拟合公式,对40≤Z≤44类镍离子3d94s,3d94p,3d94d态的能级进行计算,根据能级拟合值算出s-p,p-d跃迁的谱线波长,并给出各谱线的HFR振子强度.